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May 16, 2007

Siding with Thoreau

I blame L.M. Montgomery.

It was in Anne's House of Dreams that Anne met Mrs. Leslie Moore:

"Dick Moore came into her life that summer. His father, Abner Moore, kept store at the Glen, but Dick had a sea-going streak in him from his mother; he used to sail in summer and clerk in his father's store in winter. He was a big, handsome fellow, with a little ugly soul. He was always wanting something till he got it, and then he stopped wanting it--just like a man. Oh, he didn't growl at the weather when it was fine, and he was mostly real pleasant and agreeable when everything went right. But he drank a good deal, and there were some nasty stories told of him and a girl down at the fishing village. He wasn't fit for Leslie to wipe her feet on, that's the long and short of it. And he was a Methodist! But he was clean mad about her--because of her good looks in the first place, and because she wouldn't have anything to say to him in the second. He vowed he'd have her--and he got her!"

"How did he bring it about?"

"Oh, it was an iniquitous thing! I'll never forgive Rose West. You see, dearie, Abner Moore held the mortgage on the West farm, and the interest was overdue some years, and Dick just went and told Mrs. West that if Leslie wouldn't marry him he'd get his father to foreclose the mortgage. Rose carried on terrible--fainted and wept, and pleaded with Leslie not to let her be turned out of her home. She said it would break her heart to leave the home she'd come to as a bride. I wouldn't have blamed her for feeling dreadful bad over it--but you wouldn't have thought she'd be so selfish as to sacrifice her own flesh and blood because of it, would you? Well, she was.

"And Leslie gave in--she loved her mother so much she would have done anything to save her pain. She married Dick Moore. None of us knew why at the time. It wasn't till long afterward that I found out how her mother had worried her into it. I was sure there was something wrong, though, because I knew how she had snubbed him time and again, and it wasn't like Leslie to turn face--about like that. Besides, I knew that Dick Moore wasn't the kind of man Leslie could ever fancy, in spite of his good looks and dashing ways. Of course, there was no wedding, but Rose asked me to go and see them married. I went, but I was sorry I did. I'd seen Leslie's face at her brother's funeral and at her father's funeral--and now it seemed to me I was seeing it at her own funeral. But Rose was smiling as a basket of chips, believe me!

"Leslie and Dick settled down on the West place--Rose couldn't bear to part with her dear daughter!--and lived there for the winter. In the spring Rose took pneumonia and died--a year too late! Leslie was heart-broken enough over it. Isn't it terrible the way some unworthy folks are loved, while others that deserve it far more, you'd think, never get much affection? As for Dick, he'd had enough of quiet married life--just like a man. He was for up and off. He went over to Nova Scotia to visit his relations--his father had come from Nova Scotia--and he wrote back to Leslie that his cousin, George Moore, was going on a voyage to Havana and he was going too. The name of the vessel was the Four Sisters and they were to be gone about nine weeks.

"It must have been a relief to Leslie. But she never said anything. From the day of her marriage she was just what she is now--cold and proud, and keeping everyone but me at a distance. I won't be kept at a distance, believe me! I've just stuck to Leslie as close as I knew how in spite of everything."

"She told me you were the best friend she had," said Anne.

"Did she?" exclaimed Miss Cornelia delightedly. "Well, I'm real thankful to hear it. Sometimes I've wondered if she really did want me around at all--she never let me think so. You must have thawed her out more than you think, or she wouldn't have said that much itself to you. Oh, that poor, heart-broken girl! I never see Dick Moore but I want to run a knife clean through him."

Miss Cornelia wiped her eyes again and having relieved her feelings by her blood-thirsty wish, took up her tale.

"Well, Leslie was left over there alone. Dick had put in the crop before he went, and old Abner looked after it. The summer went by and the Four Sisters didn't come back. The Nova Scotia Moores investigated, and found she had got to Havana and discharged her cargo and took on another and left for home; and that was all they ever found out about her. By degrees people began to talk of Dick Moore as one that was dead. Almost everyone believed that he was, though no one felt certain, for men have turned up here at the harbor after they'd been gone for years. Leslie never thought he was dead--and she was right. A thousand pities too! The next summer Captain Jim was in Havana--that was before he gave up the sea, of course. He thought he'd poke round a bit--Captain Jim was always meddlesome, just like a man--and he went to inquiring round among the sailors' boarding houses and places like that, to see if he could find out anything about the crew of the Four Sisters. He'd better have let sleeping dogs lie, in my opinion! Well, he went to one out-of-the-way place, and there he found a man he knew at first sight it was Dick Moore, though he had a big beard. Captain Jim got it shaved off and then there was no doubt--Dick Moore it was--his body at least. His mind wasn't there--as for his soul, in my opinion he never had one!"

"What had happened to him?"

"Nobody knows the rights of it. All the folks who kept the boarding house could tell was that about a year before they had found him lying on their doorstep one morning in an awful condition--his head battered to a jelly almost. They supposed he'd got hurt in some drunken row, and likely that's the truth of it. They took him in, never thinking he could live. But he did--and he was just like a child when he got well. He hadn't memory or intellect or reason. They tried to find out who he was but they never could. He couldn't even tell them his name--he could only say a few simple words. He had a letter on him beginning `Dear Dick' and signed `Leslie,' but there was no address on it and the envelope was gone. They let him stay on--he learned to do a few odd jobs about the place--and there Captain Jim found him. He brought him home-- I've always said it was a bad day's work, though I s'pose there was nothing else he could do. He thought maybe when Dick got home and saw his old surroundings and familiar faces his memory would wake up. But it hadn't any effect. There he's been at the house up the brook ever since. He's just like a child, no more nor less. Takes fractious spells occasionally, but mostly he's just vacant and good humored and harmless. He's apt to run away if he isn't watched. That's the burden Leslie has had to carry for eleven years--and all alone. Old Abner Moore died soon after Dick was brought home and it was found he was almost bankrupt. When things were settled up there was nothing for Leslie and Dick but the old West farm. Leslie rented it to John Ward, and the rent is all she has to live on. Sometimes in summer she takes a boarder to help out. But most visitors prefer the other side of the harbor where the hotels and summer cottages are. Leslie's house is too far from the bathing shore. She's taken care of Dick and she's never been away from him for eleven years--she's tied to that imbecile for life. And after all the dreams and hopes she once had! You can imagine what it has been like for her, Anne, dearie--with her beauty and spirit and pride and cleverness. It's just been a living death."

Leslie Moore is the heroine of the story because she unflinchingly and without complaint takes on an obligation to a man who has abused her, and sacrifices every dream and happiness to do so. She Suffers Nobly. But it seems to me that most of the Victorian heroes and heroines Suffered Nobly. They all had obligations that tied them to a living death where even the briefest moments of happiness were only fantasies. They were admirable because they laid themselves prostrate on the rock and invited the vultures to eat their livers, and never even needed to be chained there.

Well, you say, thank goodness for progress; no one would do that nowadays. Dick Moore would be put into a facility, Leslie would get a divorce, and she'd find happiness with someone else. But would she? No, we don't consider ourselves chained into miseries brought about by unhappy relationships--unless in some cases those relationships are with immediate family members--but how many people do you know who consider themselves chained into some other form of misery, who live Thoreau's "lives of quiet desperation," who consider it their sign of strength and maturity that they simply endure an intolerable situation?

Can't we blame the Victorians? I do.

Today it mostly seems to be about money. Or jobs, which come to the same things. Researchers tell us that our levels of happiness have not increased since the 1950s, yet we convince ourselves that the 3x-larger houses and all the stuff that goes with them are requirements--and force ourselves to endure jobs we hate to pay for all of it. Our own eyes tell us that children growing up without all of the advantages are no less happy than the ones esconced in fully-stocked playrooms in the 4,000 square foot McMansions (off-topic: I will never forget seeing, while house-hunting a few years ago, a miniature roller-coastter in the basement of one of the houses we looked at), yet we feel like thieves, robbing our own babies, if we don't do everything in our power to buy them whatever the world has to offer. In so doing we offer them role models of dissatisfaction and materialism, and actively support social and economic institutions that reduce the security and viability of the world they will one day inherit. A moment's conversation with someone who has health problems or is disabled will reveal that this, too, is not a requirement for happiness, and they are as likely to be joyful or depressed as anyone else.

So what is a requirement for happiness? No one knows--that's the problem--but I'm going to go out on a limb and suggest that the first one is a belief that we don't owe the world our misery. That there is no Noble Suffering. There's Nobility, and there's Suffering; but they are not conjoined twins. I am beginning to think that what we owe the world is our determination to act as if happiness matters--everyone's happiness, not just the well-fed westerners--and learn how to scale our values to those goals. I mean, there's a reason that millions of people wake up every morning to drag themselves to a job they loathe in order to pay for things they never wanted and which don't make them happy. Somewhere along the line, they were convinced that this was the right thing to do, or that it would make them happy, or both.

My parents, for instance, are both overjoyed at having recently been let go from their jobs (which nice severance packages on both sides)--and what does that tell you? They have a really nice home that is in a constant state of renovation and it is full of really nice stuff that they paid a lot of money for (earned in the jobs they were both so happy to be fired from). I don't think I can say that I ever saw either of them truly happy. Or even falsely happy. In fact, I can still remember conversations with my father, bemoaning that he didn't try harder to achieve his own dreams before settling down to the middle-class professional family life. I don't know if it ever stopped rankling. Were they doing it for us? But it didn't work. They were so unhappy, and it carried through into their parenting in large and destructive ways. Not the least of which was the powerful argument that adults were people who Suffered Nobly by staying in careers they hated to pay for stuff that doesn't make anybody happy.

Which I then applied by staying in a marriage that made me desperately unhappy, in the delusional belief that doing so would make Erik happy--or Frances happy. This was patently not the case. Erik was not happy. Frances was happy, but Frances is the happiest child who ever lived, and smiles while throwing up. You can't take that as evidence of anything. If I'd decided several years ago that I didn't owe anyone my Noble Suffering, would anything have been different?

Truthfully I am, right now, genuinely happy. I have no reason to be, I know. My job situation is not appreciably better than most of my peers, I don't believe--it pays well for someone who has a degree in my field, but that's not saying much; it's not terribly demanding; I get a fair chunk of time off and the health insurance is good, which is important. Gods know it's not my health, as my blood sugars continue to run bizarrely high and I continue to chase after them with frustration boluses. It certainly isn't because I have my personal life running like a well-oiled machine.

And it's not because of platitudes, either; I haven't been infected by the Positive Thinking crowd with their obsessions on mantras and all the rest of it, as if each of us can manufacture our mood and state of mind by putting blinkers on and not seeing the problems. I see the problems. Clearly. But the job that's not perfect pays for my insulin pump supplies and facilitates a life outside of work that has friends and activities I value highly. The blood sugars will resolve themselves eventually if I keep plugging away at it. Over a few decades of insomnia I've learned that no matter what it feels like at 3:30 am, I will sleep again. And the divorce, as difficult and painful and stressful as it continues to be, also continues to be the solution, not the problem.

I've cried enough. I've wallowed, moped and dwelled enough. I'm not giving those memories one more tear; I'm not sacrificing one more minute of my life towards something that can't be changed and will soon be over anyway. I am happy because I am determined to be happy, goddammit.*

But mostly, I think it's because I realized that while my misery may have increased Canada's GDP and my consumption of various sugary snacks, it did not make the world a better place, and it did not increase the happiness of one single other person or animal the world over. The opposite. To sacrifice my own happiness and not achieve one valuable thing as a result is surely the height of foolishness. So I'd make a lousy Victorian heroine. Who needs it?

I'm not going to the grave with the song still in me.

I'm just not. I refuse.

~~~~~

* You all understand that I am applying this only to me, right? This is not a direction nor an attempted solution for anyone but myself. I also would like to emphasize that this is obviously relevant only to situations actively chosen, or--at least in my own case--after an adjustment period where they have not been actively chosen. I was not so sanguine about diabetes in the early years.


Posted by Andrea at May 16, 2007 10:44 AM under Me

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That particular LM Montgomery story is about suffering nobly, but I like The Blue Castle better, because it's about kicking over the traces.

Posted by: liz at May 16, 2007 11:57 AM

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Oh, goodness, yes. This is so clearly part of the big fallacy of the middle class life. And I rail against it...and yet get caught up in it, too. I was just telling a co-worker that I'm glad I'm not happy in my job because it'll stop me from being complacent. This way I'm guaranteed to get off my butt and do what I really want to do.

Posted by: NotSoSage at May 16, 2007 1:10 PM

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Leslie's story is complicated a little bit by the role of Captain Jim and Gilbert in "doing the right thing" - bringing Dick back from Cuba, offering him the operation... They lay out that rock so nicely, just begging Leslie to chain herself down on it. That novel has one of those uneasy endings, where Anne learns to submit to her husband's greater objectivity and integrity - except that we all know that Gilbert is VERY LUCKY things turned out as they did.

Posted by: bubandpie at May 16, 2007 3:06 PM

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Leslie's story is complicated a little bit by the role of Captain Jim and Gilbert in "doing the right thing" - bringing Dick back from Cuba, offering him the operation... They lay out that rock so nicely, just begging Leslie to chain herself down on it. That novel has one of those uneasy endings, where Anne learns to submit to her husband's greater objectivity and integrity - except that we all know that Gilbert is VERY LUCKY things turned out as they did.

Posted by: bubandpie at May 16, 2007 3:09 PM

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In the diaries we see LMM living out the Prometheus Unchained theme. Her husband did not make her happy, to understate wildly. Even more puzzling, it is pretty clear from the diaries that she did not even think he would make her happy when she married him. So, why did she do it. All this as a preamble to saying that I am with you all the way on the Ideal of Noble Suffering of the Victorians and how the hand-me-downs from these attitudes has affected us.
Andrea, I don't know what makes me happy. I really, really wonder if anyone does know. Sometimes I'm happy, sometimes not. What I do know that I want is to be interested and to be satisfied (that I have done my best, that I have met a need, etc). If Frances is a naturally happy kid, you have a treasure.
You *always* make me think, talking about treasure. Thanks.

Posted by: Mary G at May 16, 2007 3:36 PM

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Ohhhhh Anne's House of Dreams and that story. You know? It stuck with me too. It was a lucky turn out of events, in the end. That book troubled me in several respects, as much as I loved it.

Nobly Suffering.

What an intriguing approach.

(And thank you for what you said about the Positive Thinking Crowd. "The Secret" is seriously my major button b/c it is just repackaged new agey stuff that ruined my childhood with my hippy mom.)

I used to read historical novels and think, what acool time, wish I was there. But then I'd think longer and like you? I decided I'm not too good at anything other than right here, right now.

I'd SUCK at the Victorian era.

I don't do Nobly Suffering well although I can do a dandy martyr.

We...made some hard life choices to determine what REALLY mattered to us. So, we are living a really different life than we thought we would. We have less things, and more us.

This is an awesome post. I'm cutting off my comment now b/c I think I need to ponder further.

Posted by: Julie Pippert at May 16, 2007 4:03 PM

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Yes--the ending. What I find interesting about it in the context of this, though, is that Leslie still isn't *entitled* to her own happiness. It isn't something she earns or deserves. It's something she gets, as a fluke. What makes her a heroine is still how readily she is willing to sacrifice herself even more for this person who has only hurt her.

Thank you, Julie--and me too re: the Secret.

Posted by: Andrea at May 17, 2007 7:22 AM

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I agree with a lot of what you say. I believe happiness is both deliberate and possible. I consider myself a very happy person, and a lot of that is luck, just getting fortunate circumstances -- but a lot of it is because I choose to be happy, too.

The all-time best ever LMM story for Noble Suffering is the short story "In Her Selfless Mood." I found it moving when I was a kid ... now I find it somewhere between hilarious and creepy. Woman sacrifices her entire life (literally, in the end) to care for her brother who is an absolute jerk to her, because of her promise to her dying mother. The Victorians really had twisted ideas about these things but, as you point out, so do we in many ways. Maybe if you're going to sacrifice your personal happiness, it's better to do so to fulfill a promise to your dead mum, than to be able to afford a house with a roller coaster in the basement. But I'm pretty sure there's a better way...

Posted by: TrudyJ at May 17, 2007 7:40 AM

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delurking after a few hours the other night reading your back entries, thinking "damn, what a fine writer."

this post was so particularly fine it called me out of anonymity, and for two reasons. one, i'm in PEI. i spent my teen years whoring in the milk-Montgomery industry and got horribly saturated and had to move away and ban all Anne references from my life for fifteen years, but am now in recovery and beginning to find an appreciation and curiosity about LMM's writing again. and i had forgotten Leslie Moore. forgotten my confusion - and that strange sense of scandal and darkness that that particular story left on me the first time i read it, at ten or eleven. now, i see the tragedy more clearly...and wonder about what was happening in LMM's life at the time that Leslie ends up standing for. and that leads me to the second reason for the comment...never have i seen someone describe divorce so succinctly. painful, yes, but part of the solution, not the problem. i wish you well.

and i will be back, and will hopefully learn to comment more succinctly. :)

Posted by: Bon at May 17, 2007 1:31 PM

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A wonderful post. Yes, I remember the Montgomery story well.

I'm not sure that I'd blame the Victorians though. Surely the archetypal story of noble suffering dates back to Patient Griselda. This story originally appears in folklore, I believe, and there are versions in Boccaccio, Petrarch and Chaucer (The Clerks Tale). Rich man marries poor wife on the understanding she will always obey him. She gives birth to several children, but all of them are taken away from her soon after they are born. After 12 years he announces that he is going to marry someone else. She accepts it all patiently and without complaining and even helps to organise his new wedding. He rewards her by remarrying her and restoring all her children (so, no worries about the 12 years she missed).
Patient Griselda is held up as a model of good womanhood.

Posted by: Callie at May 17, 2007 2:03 PM

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Thank you, Bon, and welcome. :)

Callie, good point. I think what concerns me more about Leslie is that she is a more fully-drawn and realized character. Patient Griselda is a caricature--a frightening and problematic caricature, but nonetheless, she doesn't breathe.

But it probably has more to do with my own exposure than anything--I've been fairly steeped in teh literature of that period, so I think those examples have certainly had more influence on me personally.

Posted by: Andrea at May 18, 2007 6:50 AM

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I think you're right Andrea. If I was getting all pretentious and Foucauldian on a Friday afternoon I'd say that it has to do with the development in the way society exercises control. Before the modern period, no one is too worried about how people actually think as long as they behave appropriately. Griselda is virtuous because she suffers and doesn't do anything, but there's no interest in how she actually feels about it.

From the eighteenth century onwards, people are not only supposed to behave correctly but also to monitor themselves to make sure they're thinking correctly. So you're right that it's at this point that Noble Suffering really comes into its own. Up until the Victorian period there's Virtuous Suffering which is judged externally. After the Victorians there's Noble Suffering which is an internalised process.

Posted by: Callie at May 18, 2007 11:20 AM

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Callie, if we can't get pretentious and Foucauldian on a Friday afternoon, when can we, I ask you?

And since it supports my original thesis, I'm perfectly happy to draw the distinction between Virtuous and Noble Suffering right along with you. :)

Posted by: Andrea at May 18, 2007 12:53 PM

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Regarding suffering, however sourced, what about Ruth. I seem to recall that a lot of how the Bible was taught to me centered around the idea that suffering, and only suffering, is redemptive.

Also, and this is out of my head so it is pretty rough quoting...
'Home they brought her warrior, dead,
She neither swooned nor uttered cry.
All the [?people} watching said
She must weep or she will die.
[....................}
Came her nurse of [?ninety] years
Laid her child upon her knee.
Like summer rainstorm came her tears
"Sweet my child, I live for thee!"

Posted by: Mary G at May 18, 2007 10:24 PM

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Go Berserk




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